Such innovations as the elimination of capital letters, and the replacement of the archaic Gothic alphabet used in German printing by a modern "cosmopolitan" font, and the concept of composition based on strong geometrical elements and expressive values of colors, testify to a move away from individually handcrafted and traditionally shaped goods towards objects meeting functional requirements suitable for mass production. The study of the communicative potential of letterforms and typographic layout was part of a basic curriculum in the mechanics of visual education. "Under Bayer's charge, the newly installed workshop developed into a professional studio for graphic design and commercial art. He enrolled in and studied at the Bauhaus for four years and, after passing his final examination, Bayer was appointed by the Bauhaus director, Walter Gropius, to head the new "Druck und Reklame" (printing and advertising) workshop in Dessau. (Above: Schmidt's 1923 Bauhaus Exhibition Poster created while he was still at student, incorporating the Bauhaus logo by Oskar Schlemmer)Īustrian Herbert Bayer was trained in the Art Nouveau style but soon was converted by the Bauhaus-Manifest. With his teaching, Joost Schmidt strove for the comprehensive reform of lettering, which was to be validated and standardized internationally." 1 In addition, he had his students examine aspects of advertising such as language, visual effect, psychology and economy. Here, Schmidt explored the structure of letters -circle, square and rectangle-and their flexibility in terms of shape and size as well as the treatment of color and surface. "Within the scope of the preliminary course at the Bauhaus Dessau, all students were required to attend two semesters of the lettering design course taught by Schmidt. Joost Schmidt received his degree in painting in 1914 at the Grossherzoglich-Sächsische Kunstgewerbeschule (Grand Ducal Saxonian school of arts and crafts) in Weimar. Nagy considered typography to be primarily a communications medium, and was concerned with the " clarity of the message in its most emphatic form." He combined text and photography into interrelated compositions of pure communication he named " Typofoto." With the appointment of Moholy-Nagy in 1923, new ideas about the use of typography came to the Bauhaus. (Please note: there is an expanded section about the Bauhaus on this site)Īt first, practical fields of type application were restricted to small, miscellaneous printed matters. ![]() The Bauhaus School existed in Germany during the lull between WWI and WWI. Herbert Bayer's cover for the 1923 book Staatliches Bauhaus, Weimar, 1919–1923 Moholy-Nagy, Title page of: "Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar 1919-1923", 1923, Letterpress print. Typography Teachers at the Bauhaus - Experiments in Idealist Typefaces
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